New Delhi: For the first time, India has reported monthly unemployment figures, with the jobless rate reaching 5.1% in April 2025, according to data released on Thursday by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
This marks the launch of the monthly Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), aimed at providing more frequent and timely insights into the employment scenario in the country. Until now, such data was only available on a quarterly or annual basis.
The survey, based on the Current Weekly Status (CWS) method, showed that the overall unemployment rate for all age groups was 5.1% in April. The rate for men was slightly higher at 5.2%, while for women it stood at 5%.
Among youth aged 15 to 29, the unemployment rate was notably higher at 13.8%. In urban areas, youth joblessness reached 17.2%, compared to 12.3% in rural areas.
The survey also highlighted gender disparities. Among women aged 15–29, the unemployment rate was 14.4% nationwide—23.7% in urban areas and 10.7% in rural areas. For men in the same age group, the rate was 13.6% overall, with 15% in cities and 13% in villages.
The Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)—the share of people aged 15 and above either working or actively seeking work—was 55.6% in April 2025. Rural participation was higher at 58.0% compared to 50.7% in urban areas. Among men in this age group, LFPR stood at 79.0% in rural regions and 75.3% in urban areas. For women, the rate was 38.2% in rural areas.
Worker Population Ratio (WPR), which measures the proportion of employed people in the population, was 52.8% at the national level. It stood at 55.4% in rural areas and 47.4% in urban areas. Among women aged 15 and above, the WPR was 36.8% in rural areas and 23.5% in urban locations, bringing the overall female WPR to 32.5%.
To enhance the frequency and coverage of employment statistics, the PLFS sampling framework was updated in January 2025. In April 2025, the survey covered 7,511 primary sampling units, 89,434 households (49,323 rural and 40,111 urban), and 380,838 individuals (217,483 in rural areas and 163,355 in urban areas).
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